Shigeru Miki from Kyoto University identified a divergent leaf form. While studying fossil samples of the family Cupressaceae, Dr. When the genus Metasequoia was first described in 1941, it was from Mesozoic Era fossils, none of which were less than 150 million years old. Metasequoia glyptostroboides (dawn redwood) bonsai treeĪlthough it was commonly known from the fossil record from across the northern hemisphere, the dawn redwood was considered extinct until the mid-twentieth century. If the species had been discovered later, it might have become extinct before being investigated. The tree faces considerable risks of extinction in its wild range due to deforestation, however it has been planted extensively in arboreta worldwide, where it has proved a popular and fast-growing ornamental plant. It is a particularly well-known example of a living fossil species. In 1941, the genus Metasequoia was reported by paleobotanist Shigeru Miki as a widely distributed extinct genus based on fossils, before attracting considerable attention a few years later when small populations were found alive in central China. Although the shortest of the redwoods, it can grow to 120 ft (37 m) in height. It now survives only in wet lower slopes and montane river and stream valleys in the border region of Hubei and Hunan provinces and Chongqing municipality in south-central China, notably in Lichuan county in Hubei. It is the sole living species of the genus Metasequoia, one of three genera in the subfamily Sequoioideae of the family Cupressaceae. See our pruning leaflet for more information.Īs with any other tree butt flare (increased caliper at the base of the trunk) can be reduced somewhat by removing the lower branches at an early age.Metasequoia glyptostroboides, the dawn redwood, is a fast-growing, endangered deciduous conifer. These trees require little if any pruning to maintain their pyramidal form other than to remove deadwood and branches that rub against one another but if pruning is required it should be done in winter while the tree is not in growth. Check stakes and ties for chafing and constriction and remove as soon as plants are strong enough to withstand winds without damage. Pests and diseases can have serious debilitating effects on young plants check regularly. The first summer and autumn after planting is critical for young plants water thoroughly during dry periods. Sprinkle evenly and work into the top 2 to 3cm of the soil taking care not to damage surface roots. They benefit from a dressing (50g/m2) of general purpose fertiliser in early spring as new growth begins this will encourage more vigorous healthy growth. Organic materials such as sawdust and bark contribute to soil structure as they decompose but keep mulching material away from the trunk. Mulching annually helps suppress weeds and conserve moisture. This allows the plant to move a little in the wind encouraging the development of a strong root system without the risk of chafing or root damage Use wide ties that hold securely without chafing tie firmly but allow room for the trunk to increase in girth without constriction. Position the stakes in the hole before planting and place the plant between them. Tall plants and those in windy positions require staking to stabilize the root ball until established. Plant with some general slow release fertiliser and then every spring apply an organic based fertiliser such as blood and bone at a handful per square meter as new growth begins. Make sure plants are watered well until established if planting in a drier period. Dig a hole twice the diameter of the root ball and firm in and water once planted. Trim any broken roots and plant at the same level as in the container. Before planting ensure the root ball is saturated and remove the planter bag or pot with minimal root disturbance. Incorporate coarse sand, bark, compost or other organic material to improve soil structure. Planting success is often improved on clay soils by adding extra topsoil and raising beds. Young plants require thorough watering during dry periods over the first two or three years mulching helps to conserve moisture and suppress weeds. This enables them to withstand dry periods during the following summer. Always choose healthy well grown plants and plant after autumn rains as the soil is moist and warm and allows trees to become established before winter.
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